In addition to SOPR (Spent Output Profit Ratio), Bitcoin on-chain analysis has another classic indicator—NUPL (Net Unrealized Profit and Loss), which is also a commonly used tool for judging market sentiment and capturing cycle turning points.
NUPL is calculated as: (Market Cap − Realized Cap) ÷ Market Cap.
Here is a brief explanation of two terms:
Therefore, NUPL essentially answers one question: Compared to the market’s average holding cost, is the current market valuation showing large profits or large losses?
Imagine that at this moment, everyone in the market simultaneously settles their coins at the current market price: