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Bitcoin On-Chain Analysis Basic Concepts - NUPL

What is NUPL?


In addition to SOPR (Spent Output Profit Ratio), Bitcoin on-chain analysis has another classic indicator—NUPL (Net Unrealized Profit and Loss), which is also a commonly used tool for judging market sentiment and capturing cycle turning points.

NUPL is calculated as: (Market Cap − Realized Cap) ÷ Market Cap.


Here is a brief explanation of two terms:



  • Market Cap: The market capitalization calculated by multiplying the current Bitcoin price by the circulating supply, representing the valuation the market is currently willing to assign to Bitcoin.



  • Realized Cap: Not calculated using the current price, but by taking the price at the last time each unspent Bitcoin on-chain was moved, multiplying by the quantity, and summing them all up, representing the concept of the market’s “average cost basis.”


Therefore, NUPL essentially answers one question: Compared to the market’s average holding cost, is the current market valuation showing large profits or large losses?




How to Interpret the Values?


Imagine that at this moment, everyone in the market simultaneously settles their coins at the current market price:


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